Map (Mapping)
In many branches of mathematics, the term map is used to mean a function, sometimes with a specific property of particular importance to that branch. For instance, a "map" is a "continuous function" in topology, a "linear transformation" in linear algebra, etc.
In differential geometry, one may use "function" only to refer to maps in which the codomain is a set of numbers (i.e. a subset of $\mathbb R$ or $\mathbb C$), and reserve the term mapping for more general functions.
In category theory, "map" is often used as a synonym for "morphism" or "arrow", which is often a structure-respecting function and thus may imply more structure than "function" does.
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函数=映射:在中国的高中教材中,函数被定义为两个非空数集之间的一种对应关系,而映射则被定义为两个非空集合之间的一种对应关系(事实上,这两个集合完全可以是空集)。但其实这两个定义可以说已经过时了,如今在英文中函数function,其实就相当于我们中文的映射。而英文中映射mapping或者map,它的意思就广了,它既可以是function的同义词;也可以相当于function的推广,即范畴中两个任意对象之间的态射morphism(参见范畴论,懒得举例子),它比function要更加general,即function只是morphism的一种特殊情况。废话不多,所以结论就是,函数function其实就是两个集合之间的映射(集合未必非空)。PS:说着说着突然感觉有点绕,意思理解就好。。因此可以说国内的高中数学教材并没有顺着国际的潮流还有惯例走,自己说自己的一套,而且说得还不怎么好——有框死一个学生思维的缺点。参考文献: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(mathematics)#Relational_approach https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(mathematics)图1 维基百科关于映射的定义图2 维基百科关于函数的定义——————————————————————PS:关于范畴论的简单介绍,请看 A short introduction to category theory本文原于2020年8月9日 16:49发布于QQ空间。自己评论:个人建议如果查学术之类的东西还是最好用维基百科吧,感觉百度百科并不怎么可靠,而且有些内容还有抄袭wiki的嫌疑。。顺便一提,维基需要翻墙才能上。。
2024-10-09 21:35:06